? Atrial Communication – Definition and Explanations

Introduction

The interatrial communication (C.I.A) (English, atrial septal defect : ASD) is a common congenital heart defect. corresponds to persistence ( Persistence in Painting (statistics) Persistence (calculation): The…) a dehiscence in the interatrial septum (the part that separates the two auricles), which is usually airtight after birth.

This communication (Communication also applies to humans (intrapsychic, interpersonal communication, etc.) responsible for its abnormal appearance left to right shunt: the part blood (Blood is a fluid connective tissue composed of free cell populations, including…) in the left atrium it bypasses the large atrium returning from the lungs and returns directly to the lungs (through the MCI and the right atrium). traffic (Traffic (Anglicism: traffic) is the movement of motor vehicles…).

ASDs account for approximately ten percent of childhood congenital heart disease. Therefore, their incidence would be close to 0.70 per 1,000 births (ie, between 500 and 600 new cases each). year (A year is a unit of time that represents the time between two occurrences of a related event…) France). It is observed in girls twice as often as in boys.

Physiopathology

• before birthaccording to its characteristics blood circulation (The blood circulation is a type of closed circulatory system that…) in the fetus (see fetal circulation) physiologically there is a wide connection between the right and left atria: Foramen oval (Etymologically, an oval is the shape of an egg. In mathematics and more…). It comes from oxygenated blood through this connection placenta (The placenta is a unique organ that binds the embryo physically and biologically…) there vein (In anatomy, a vein is a vessel that allows blood to be transported from the lungs or all …) the umbilical direction is preferred the brain (The brain is the main organ of the central nervous system of animals. Brain processes…) left atrium, left ventricle andaorta (The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It arises from the left ventricle of the heart and…) increasing. This important blood supply is also necessary for the development of the structures mentioned above. In the absence of this, they would only deliver flow (The word flux (Latin fluxus, flow) generally refers to a number of elements…) minimal blood from the lungs, i.e. 7% debit (Flow allows measuring the flow of quantity relative to a unit of time…) fetal heart rate only.

Therefore, communication between the atria is physiologically and prenatally necessary.

At birth, normally these two connections are closed. Continuity a interatrial communication (Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a…) is abnormal and the results are:

• or lack thereof closure (The term closure refers to:) It is called the Foramen Ovale Patent foramen ovale (Permeable Foramen ovale is a type of abnormality of the septum between the two…) (FOP or PFO – patent foramen ovale – in Anglo-Saxon); It’s definitely not,”malformation (A malformation is a congenital morphological change of a tissue or organ…) heart” but from the continuity of the physiological structure of the fetus.
• or the presence of a real defect (constitutional defect) of the inter-atrial septum, called “interauricular connection”.

In either case, this abnormal communication allows blood to move up the circuit pressure (Pressure is a basic physical concept. You can think of it as a force expressed…) (left atrium) to the low pressure circuit (right atrium). Oxygenated blood intended for general circulation systematic (Systemic – from the Greek “system”, “together…)finds itself in circulation again lungs (Lungs are plants belonging to the Boraginaceae family.)causing overload of the latter and pulmonary hypervascularization.

In rare cases of important communication and after several years of evolution a pulmonary arterial hypertension (Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a group of diseases…) thus restricting the passage of blood from the right heart to the pulmonary artery. The interatrial shunt is reversed (then right-to-left) and reveals a color (Color is the eye’s subjective perception of one or more wave frequencies…) blue skin (Skin is an organ made up of several layers of tissue. It, among other things,…) (cyanosis) corresponds to depleted blood oxygen (Oxygen is a chemical element of the chalcogen family,…) (because less blood passes through the pulmonary circulatory system). After that we talk syndrome (A syndrome is a collection of clinical signs and symptoms to which a patient is susceptible…) which can complicate other congenital heart diseases such as Eisenmenger’s syndrome ventricular connection (Ventricular septal defect (VSD for short) is a heart defect…).

Different types

A closure error can be found:

• extends to the anterior part of the interatrial septum or even over the interventricular septum (atrioventricular canal). It then receives the name of the communication type ostium primum (5) and corresponds to approximately 15% of cases detected in adults;

• in the middle of the interatrial septum, at the level of the foramen ovale. These are CIA types ostium secondmost common (75% in adults) (3);

• in the upper part of the septum, near the junction of the superior vena cava; type of communication sinus venosus this is always associated with abnormal right pulmonary venous return (1): 10% in adults.

• in the lower part of the septum, near the inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus (close to the venous return of the heart or coronary arteries) (4).

Communication can be isolated or integrated board (Table can have several meanings depending on the context in which it is used 🙂 more complex malformation.

A patent foramen ovale is not a defect in the formation of the interatrial septum. The opening is imperfectly blocked by the membrane, but can leave to pass (The Passer breed was created by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques…)in certain cases, small amount (Quantity is a general metrology term (count, amount); scalar,…) blood between right and left side. The results in terms of pressure and flow are null, but this relatively widespread anomaly in the general population is responsible for certain complications that will not be addressed here.